1. Introduction .

Quran is the 1st fundamental and the primary source of Islamic law .it is the word of Allah Almighty which reveled on the Holy Prophet[P.B.U.H] through Hazrat jabril[A.S].

Quran is the book of complete guideline which guide to every person about the very aspect of life rather is social,moral,spirtuial,jurisdication,ritual etc. Due to its broad and vast aspect it is consider as the valid source of law and as Quran as the direct

  word of ALLAH ALMIGHTY so, that is the authencity of it Quran is the primary source of Islamic law and all  other sources are derived from Holy Quran.

  In general it cover all aspects of human life and also has contain the solution but if jurist not find them in it then they can search other sources of Islamic law but initial focus on Holy Quran.

  As imam shafi statement that.

“There is no incident that befalls one of those who follow the din of Allah without there being evidenced in the book of Allah providing guidance for it”

That is the authencity and validity of Quran as the primary source of Islamic law.

2.Meaning & Definition .

Meaning.

   The word Quran is derived from Arabic word Qir’at

‘’meaning’’reading or reciting.

Definition

‘’communication which were made by jabril [a.s] under the direction of ALLAH ALMIGHTY To THE HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD

[P.B.U.H] but in the vary words of Allah’’

3. OTHER Definition.

Al-Bazdwi

‘’the Quran is the book revealed to the messenger of Allah Muhammad [P.B.U.H] which written in the masahif and transmitted to us from him through an authentic countinous narration without doubt.’’

4.Revelation of the Holy Quran.

·     The Holy Quran ,the book of Allah Almighty revealed on Hazrat Muhammad [P.B.U.H] by Hazrat Jabril [a.s].

·      The 1st revelation came in form when Hazrat Muhamad [s.a.w] at the age of 40.

·      The 1st five verses of surah alaq reveled which as follow.

‘’read in the name of lord who create the man from a clot.read! and it is the lord the most

bountiful.who teach the men by pen and teach the men that which he not knew.’’

·      The revelation of Holy Quran took place over the period of 23 years.

·      Revelation in the form of inspiration,behind the curtain and through the angel.

·      The period of the revelation of Quran can be divded into two parts.

·      Makkah’’duration’’13 years

·      Madinah’’duration’’10 years

·      After revelation it is compiled into three periods .Holy Prophet [P.B.U.H],Hazrat Abu bakr,Hazrat Usman’’

5. Attributes of the Holy Quran 

There are 55 alternative names or attributes of the Holy Quran.like.

1.        Al.kitab

2.        Al.furqan

3.        Al.noor

4.        Al. mobeen

5.        Al.hadith

6. Quran AS the SOURCE of law

Quran is the Valid source of Islamic law because it the book of guideline for all people without any difference of the religion,social status,creed,colour it guide the human about the every aspect of life rather is social ,political,moral, jurisdiction etc.

As the Quran verses

1.  ‘’o you who believe,obey Allah and obey the Messenger,and those charged with authority among you.if you differ in any thing among yourselves refer it to allah and his messenger’’

Al.nisa [4.59]

2.  ‘’these are the limits of Allah.so,do not go near them’’2.187

These veres confirm the validity of quran as the source of law.

A.  Division of verses of Holy Quran

·      The HOLY Quran is divided into 30 sections called ajza or paras

·      Paras contain 114 chapters called surrah

·      Surrah consist of 6666 verses

·      Theses verses divided into three sections

1)First portion

This portion deals with such kind of affairs which relevant to religion and duties such as ,belief In one Allah,day of judgement etc.

2) Second portion

This portion deals with such kind of affairs which relevant to quranic ethics.eg,resolve the matter of dispute among parties,maintaine peace etc

3)Third portion

This portion deals with such kind of affairs which relevant to the daily life affairs of mankind[muamalat].means the relationship of individual to the other individual and state etc.

Eg. Matters of sales and purchase,lease and mortgages,evidence,torts and contracts etc.

B.         Ahkam in the Holy Quran According to jurist there are two types of

‘’hukum’’are classified in Quran.

1.  Hukum taklifi

The aim of the hukum taqlifi is to create an obligation for the commission or the omission of the act.

2.  Hukum wadi.

The aim of hukum wadi is to explain the relationship that exist among the two rules or provide the criteria for judging that is the performing act is valid or not.

C.  category of law revealed.

Various verses of Holy Quran which have relating to the rule of law with refrence to the cases are reveled during the life time of Holy Prophet[P.B.U.H] and these are categorized in different reforms.

1.        Abrogating verses.

Abrogating verses are those which abrogate,dismiss the those objectionable customs which are valid at the time of jhaliyan /dark ages when the islam not come .eg,verses about the gambling,unlimited polygamy,drinking wine and fornication etc.

As the Quran verse.

“Satan's plan is to excite enmity and hatred between you, with intoxicants and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allah, and from

prayer. Will you not then abstain?” (Quran 5:91).

2.        Verses affecting the social reforms

Include such kind of verses which provide detail about the social matters and the solution of regaring that’s kind of issue.eg,raising the legal status of women,setting the question of succession and inheritance on equitable basis.

As the Quran verse.

‘’Allah commands you regarding your children. For the male a share equivalent to that of two females. " [Quran 4:11]

3.        Verses providing rights.

Include such kind of verses which provide protection to the rights of minors and disable person.

As the quran verse.

‘Allah does not forbid you to deal with those who have not fought against you in religion, and have not driven you from your homes, with benevolence, or to show them justice. surely Allah loves those who are just.’(Surat-al-Mumtahinah (60), ayah 8)

 

‘O mankind. We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that you may know one another.’(Surat-al-Hujuraat (49), ayah 13)

4.        penal verses

Include such kind of verses which contain detail about punishment if someone violate laws to maintene peace and order.

As the Quran verse

“The fornicatress and the fornicator, scourge

you each one of them (with) a hundred stripes...”

5.        legal verses

include such kind of verses which provide detail about the constitutional and admisnistrative matters. These verses principally occur in the madni surahs.

As the Quran verse

’Allah commands you regarding your children. For the male a share equivalent to that of two females. " [Quran 4:11]

D.       Nature of laws lays down

The nature of content of Quran is authentic and valid but it provide the fundamental principles and define basic but the detail of aspects which describe in Quran Is detail is present in sunnah,

Eg. Islam focus on the topic of namaz but its detail is gatherd from sunnah means how much rakats and nafals and how a person should perform it.

 importance of Quran as the source of law.

1.    it provide guideline about the every aspect of life.

2.    it help in legislation

3. it help in judgement and dealing of cases

7.    mode of interpretation of QURAN.

As the content of quran is about the basic/fundamental principle so if anything is not clear in it and not have detal it guidline is gathered from sunnah so sunnah is the valid source of interpretation of Quran.

8. position in Pakistan

As Pakistan is the Islamic state so all laws are made to run our state are formed under the guideline of islam indirectly by in the light of quran and sunnah.

As article 227 of constitution of Pakistan deals with this matter that all laws are made for country must be Islamic in nature.

9.    constitutional status of Quran

In the west constitutional law is called the supreme law of the land.in Islamic jurisprudence Quran is the constitutional law .it has all those features which a modern constitution have.the Quran provides all norms and principles for statehood.

10. conclusion

After all of these we can conclude that Quran is the divine source of law because Allah consent is included in this holy book ahkam and transfer to us through the holy passage of Holy Prophet [P.B.U.H] by Hazrat Jabril [A.s] as this book has the complete guidline for about all the field of life rather is political,social,economic ,legal so now is the duty of mujtahid to used his efforts of reasoning and derive the law in the light of Quran for the benefits of humanity.